Journal: Toxins
Article Title: Long-Lasting and Additive Analgesic Effects of Combined Treatment of Bee Venom Acupuncture and Venlafaxine on Paclitaxel-Induced Allodynia in Mice.
doi: 10.3390/toxins12100620
Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. Effects of spinal adrenergic (A) and (B) and 5-HT (C) and (D) receptor antagonism on combination treatment analgesia in cold and mechanical allodynia. Mice were divided into six groups that received each antagonist or appropriate vehicle intrathecally (i.t.); normal saline (NS), 20% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), prazosin, idazoxan, methysergide or MDL-72222 at 20 min before combination treatment (BVA, s.c., 1 mg/kg and VLX, i.p., 40 mg/kg). Acetone test and von Frey test were performed twice; just prior to the intrathecal injection (Before) and 60 min after combination therapy (After). Data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M.; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, vs. Before; by Bonferroni post-hoc test after two-way ANOVA.
Article Snippet: To examine the spinal mechanisms of the efficacy of the combination therapy (BVA + VLX), the mice in a neuropathic state were arbitrarily assigned to one of six groups: (i) NS; (ii) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Sigma, St. Louis, USA); (iii) prazosin (α1-AR, 10 μg; Sigma, St. Louis, USA); (iv) idazoxan (α2-AR, 10 μg; Sigma, St. Louis, USA); (v) methysergide (5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptor, 10 μg; Tocris); or (vi) MDL-72222 (5-HT3 receptor, 15 μg; Tocris).
Techniques: Saline, Injection